(Cephalopholis argus), also known as the Argus Grouper or Peacock Grouper, is a species of fish belonging to the Serranidae family. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region, including the Red Sea, and is commonly found in coral reefs and rocky areas.
The Summan Grouper typically grows up to a length of 50 cm, with the maximum reported length being 60 cm. It has a stocky body with a large head, and a mouth that can be opened wide enough to swallow prey of considerable size. The dorsal fin has 11 spines and 16-18 soft rays, while the anal fin has three spines and 8-9 soft rays. The overall coloration of the fish is light brown with small, dark brown spots covering the body. These spots may be slightly lighter or darker than the body, depending on the individual fish. The fins are also spotted, with a black edge to the dorsal fin.
The Summan Grouper is a solitary fish that can be territorial and aggressive towards other fish in its habitat. They are carnivores and feed mainly on fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods. They hunt during the day and can be found in small groups, but typically hunt alone. During breeding season, which takes place during the months of May to August, males change color to attract females. They develop a bright blue-green color around the head and fins, with a pale blue-green color on the body. Males defend their territories during the breeding season and may become more aggressive towards other males.
The Summan Grouper is a popular fish for both commercial and recreational fishing, and as a result, their populations have declined in some areas. They are also threatened by habitat destruction, as coral reefs and rocky areas are destroyed by human activities. In some countries, such as the United States, there are regulations on the fishing of the Summan Grouper to help protect their populations.
Overall, the Summan Grouper is an interesting and beautiful species of fish that plays an important role in the coral reef ecosystem. Its unique coloration and aggressive behavior make it a popular target for fishermen, but conservation efforts are being made to help protect their populations and ensure their continued existence in the wild.